Ofschoon Saddam Hoessein eerst alsnog een bondgenoot kan zijn over het Westen in een strijd tegen Iran (en het Westen hem zelfs chemische wapens levert), kan zijn een situatie jaren later volledig anders wanneer Amerika in 2003 Irak binnenvalt.
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De Koerden bestaan een volk het verdeeld kan zijn in stammen, met aan het hoofd van iedere stam een aga. Enkele stammen beschikken over verdere macht vervolgens anderen. Ons voorbeeld hiervan is de Barzani stam, waaruit een voormalig president van Iraaks-Koerdistan, Massoud Barzani, komt.
), do not have identity cards, and are not listed on official registers. It also includes children with a noncitizen father and a citizen mother, those with one noncitizen parent and one unregistered parent, and those with two unregistered parents.
It was a victory for a growing Kurdish nationalist movement, but the treaty failed and was never ratified. Turkey ended up renegotiating with the Allies, and in 1923 the revised Treaty of Lausanne abandoned plans for a self-governing Kurdistan. Since then, the Kurds have made multiple attempts to set up their own state, but their efforts have been in vain.
Violence and instability in Iraq following the removal of Saddam Hussein and in Syria following the outbreak of civil war in 2011 threatened the security ofwel Kurdish communities but also offered new opportunities for Kurds to advance their claims to autonomy. The primary threat to Kurds was ISIL, which captured and occupied territory adjacent to Kurdish areas in Iraq and Syria beginning in 2013. Kurdish fighters in northern Syria entered into heavy fighting with ISIL and quickly proved to be some of the most effective ground forces against the group.
"In letter to Biden, Barzani warns of Iraqi Kurdistan's collapse, urges mediation". Weet Monitor. Barzani wrote, “I write to you now at another critical juncture in our history, one that I fear wij may have difficulty overcoming.
Slemani kan zijn also an important center of Kurdish culture, and is recognized for producing numerous Kurdish poets and writers.
Minor disturbances constantly occurred, and were soon followed by a massacre and rape ofwel Armenians at Sasun by Kurdish nomads and Ottoman troops.[79]
Doch doordat een Turken dit verdrag niet ondertekenen, is het geen realiteit. In 1923 volgt een Vrede aangaande Lausanne, waarin de Turken een groot gebied, dat bedoeld kan zijn wegens de Koerden, in Hawler hun bezit oplopen. Een Britten melden iemand deel met Irak, omdat het andere koninkrijk zou buiten de olie aangaande Kirkuk en Mosul (steden die in het Koerdische gedeelte liggen) ook niet autonoom mogen bestaan.
Iraqi Kurds played an important role in the Iraq War. Kurdish parties joined forces against the Iraqi government during the war in Spring 2003. Kurdish military forces, known as Peshmerga, played an important role in the overthrow of the Iraqi government;[92] however, Kurds have been reluctant to send troops into Baghdad since then, preferring not to be dragged into the sectarian struggle that dominates much ofwel Iraq.[93]
The Kurds ofwel Turkey likewise received unsympathetic verzorging at the hands of the government, which tried to deprive them of their Kurdish identity by designating them “Mountain Turks,” by outlawing the Kurdish language (or representing it as a dialect ofwel Turkish), and by forbidding them to wear distinctive Kurdish dress in or near the important administrative cities. The Turkish government suppressed Kurdish political agitation in the eastern provinces and encouraged the migration ofwel Kurds to the urbanized western portion of Turkey, thus diluting the concentration ofwel Kurdish population in the uplands. Periodic rebellions occurred, and in 1978 Abdullah Öcalan formed the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (known by its Kurdish acronym, PKK), a Marxist organization dedicated to creating an independent Kurdistan.
President Assad has vowed to retake "every inch" ofwel Syrian territory, whether by negotiations or military force. His government has also rejected Kurdish demands for autonomy, saying that "nobody in Syria accepts talk about independent entities or federalism".
Kurds have been well integrated in Iranian political life during the reign of various governments.[125] During the reign ofwel Mohammad Reza Pahlavi some members of parliament and high army officers were Kurds, and there was een momentje a Kurdish Cabinet Minister.[125] During Pahlavi reign Kurds allegedly received many favours from the authorities, for instance to keep their land after the land reforms ofwel 1962.[125] In the early 2000s, the supposed presence of thirty Kurdish deputies in the 290-strong parliament has allegedly shown that Kurds have a say in Iranian politics.